Why does my cat love cardboard boxes?

It is amazing to see how much a cat is attracted to cardboard boxes. We can invest in the most beautiful and comfortable basket (and the most expensive too), the little feline does not hesitate to abandon it to settle in a vulgar box, even totally broken or too small for him. This attitude is systematic, and has been the subject of a very serious study conducted in the Netherlands by Claudia Vinke, veterinarian at the University of Utrecht, and a team of scientists. The findings will be of interest to cat lovers.

A perfect hiding place to watch for prey

The cat has retained its hunting instinct despite its domestication by humans. The cardboard box is an ideal hiding place. It's a good idea to install one outside, well sheltered from the rain, and another at home after drilling a few holes in the four walls. The little predator will then be able to indulge in its favorite activity and find a great source of balance: seeing without being seen.

A highly secure place for the cat

The cardboard box represents a space where the cat feels perfectly safe. He can spend hours there, sleeping, grooming, playing, watching what is happening outside. And if he likes the small cardboard boxes even more, it is because he fills them completely by settling in, which leaves little room for a predator to slip in.

A very comfortable material

Cats love to curl up in a small cardboard box and find it much more comfortable than a specially designed basket. Cardboard is a material with a soft texture. It is sufficiently rigid, but not excessively so, and what's more, it is an excellent insulator that keeps the animal warm. It's not surprising that cats love small cardboard boxes above all else, because they can warm up very quickly and sleep like a log.

Cardboard for clawing

Being able to do its claws without having to come out of its hiding place is really perfect for the cat to be happy. Finally, the cardboard box is very versatile and some cats even like to chew on it so much that it may not look like much after a few days. No matter what, the kitty will be happy in this universe of disconcerting simplicity!

The cardboard box, an anti-stress for the cat

The Dutch study mentioned above has shown that a cardboard box greatly contributes to a cat's happiness, and that in just a few days, stress is reduced. It is therefore an unsuspected solution to help cats with anxiety and can be considered as an adaptation aid.

A cat whose owners are moving is likely to be extremely disturbed by this change of environment because it no longer finds its bearings. Many cat owners know this. It often takes a lot of time for the animal to feel at home again, and some cats who are unable to do so have even returned to their old address! Therefore, you should not hesitate to place one or two small cardboard boxes in the new place of life, which the animal is likely to never leave. It will be able to get used to its environment more quickly.

We know today that the cardboard box favors the adaptation of the cat whatever the situation, moving, arrival of a baby at home, adoption of another congener or a pet of another species... We should resort to it as soon as we perceive a malaise in our cat. Of course, if it persists beyond a few days, you should not hesitate to consult a veterinarian. Anyway, cardboard boxes are very precious objects for the cat, and the master doesn't need to spend crazy amounts of money to please his little companion.

How to calm a hyperactive kitten?

When a kitten is a real ball of nerves, it can quickly become unbearable for those around him. And we're not talking about the 15 minutes of madness that are perfectly normal for these pets. The hyperactive kitten never stops, day or night. But this hyperactivity often due to a too early weaning in kittens separated from their mother too early must be taken care of without delay to avoid that once adult, the animal becomes aggressive. Here are the best solutions to calm down your hyperactive kitten.

Keep your hyperactive kitten as busy as possible

You can channel the energy of your hyperactive kitten through play. Of course, the owner must have enough free time each day to take care of his pet. Playing is the best way to stimulate him. But be careful, each session should not last forever, as the kitten cannot stay focused for very long. As soon as it seems to get upset, or becomes aggressive, it should be left alone, even if it means playing with it later, when it's ready to be solicited again.

It is also important that the hyperactive kitten be able to occupy himself in the absence of his master, that is to say when he is alone at home for long hours. To do this, it is essential to reserve a room in which you have :

• Various toys that the kitten particularly appreciates such as magic balls, the animated furry mouse, some stuffed animals, hanging feathers ...,
• A cat tree made of several trays and a trunk (made of rope or wood) so that the animal has the possibility to do its claws there but also to settle in height because it likes to look by the window,
• A scratching post filled with catnip,
• A carpet or a basket so that it can rest even if only for a few minutes...

Of course, don't forget to leave a litter box, a bowl of fresh water and a bowl of kibble at his disposal.

Give him the opportunity to hunt

The cat, although domesticated, keeps its hunting instinct. However, the fact of not hunting anymore gives rise to frustrations that can be at the origin of hyperactivity. It is therefore very important to give him the possibility to go out. This is very easy when you have a garden where the kitten can lurk behind a flowerpot, in a bed or under the hedge to watch for a bird, a field mouse or chase lizards and butterflies.

Hunting should be the main activity of a cat because it is essential to its balance. It allows the young cat to build itself up, contributes greatly to its development and limits many behavioral problems. If you don't have a garden, you can make up for this lack by creating a pseudo hunting course in your apartment with cubes, a tunnel, cardboard boxes, and small animated toys that can be purchased in pet stores.

Have your hyperactive kitten sterilized as soon as possible

Sterilization gives very good results in hyperactive cats because of the hormonal modification it causes. Neutered cats are much calmer than others since they no longer have any sexual interest. It should also be noted that it is highly recommended for cats in general because it represents a means of protection in terms of feline health.

It is possible to have a young female cat spayed as early as 6 months of age and a male kitten between 6 and 8 months of age. You should not hesitate to discuss this subject with the practitioner during a consultation.

Since hyperactivity in kittens is generally a behavioral disorder, it may be necessary to consult a veterinary behaviorist. The veterinarian can prescribe treatment for a period of time to calm the animal, and this can be very successful. The kitten has a great chance of stabilizing if, at the same time, his master takes the time to reassure him, to perfect an incomplete education and to firmly set limits always in a coherent way so that his little companion understands them and can assimilate them.

The Turkish Angora, a cat all in majesty

All in majesty, the Turkish Angora arouses the infatuation of the cat lovers by its feathery, silky and fine coat and its unique elegance. Curious and affectionate, the Turkish Angora has a strong temperament. It is independent and likes its freedom.

Characteristics of the Turkish Angora

The Turkish Angora is characterized by its athletic, fine and slender silhouette. It reveals a very graceful look and soft, light and fluid movements. Because of its very dense coat, it appears fat. However, it develops a light bone structure and generally weighs no more than 5kg.

His coat is medium to long, with a little more hair on his belly, chest and ruff. With the exception of chocolate, cinnamon, lilac or fawn colors, all coat colors are tolerated by the standard. However, it is important to know that white angoras are the most popular, especially if they have blue eyes.

The cat stands on thin and long legs. The tail is in harmony with the body. It is feathery, rather long and tapered. Concerning its face, the Turkish Angora has a head which is not very big and of rectangular form. Without pinch (break between the muzzle and the face), the muzzle is more or less long and not too round. The eyes are oblique and large. They can be vairons, in other words, reveal two distinct colors.

History of the Turkish Angora breed

As its name implies, the Turkish Angora comes from Turkey, more precisely from Ankara Turkey also known as Angora. This very old cat breed arrived in Europe around the 17th century and was brought back by Nicolas de Peiresc (a Frenchman) and Pietro della Valle (an Italian). The success was not long in coming, as it was the first time that Europeans became familiar with long-haired cats. During the First World War, the breed was almost extinguished and the Turkish government even banned its export. It was not until the 1970s that the breed was officially recognized.

Necessary living conditions and behavior of the Turkish Angora

Smart, curious and intelligent, the Turkish Angora is a dog that likes to be independent and free. He will certainly not feel comfortable if you lock him up in your home all the time. It also has a strong character. So, you must handle him with delicacy and softness. If he doesn't want to cuddle, don't insist to avoid that he ends up becoming aggressive.

In addition, the Turkish Angora remains attached to its masters whose company it appreciates. This cat also has the particularity to like to play with water. To amuse him, let him splash around in a basin or a bathtub.

Food and main health problems of the Turkish Angora

The Turkish Angora is not subject to any particular disease. It is a robust animal. But to ensure him an iron health, watch his food. It is preferable that it is rich in vitamins, trace elements and proteins. Food with a lot of fiber will make it easier for them to evacuate the hairballs they ingest while licking themselves. A good way to avoid possible digestive problems.

Why does my cat prefer to spend his nights outside?

Your cat starts to run away almost every night and sometimes even for several days and you don't know what exactly he does outside? Here's a little guide that will help you better understand your pet's behavior once the sun goes down.

The cat, an almost nocturnal animal...

Cats are not really nocturnal animals. They are just particularly numerous to like to go out of their home after dark. These behaviors allow them to satisfy certain natural needs such as hunting or mating. Need we remind you that the cat is a great hunter? As in the evening, its preys, like rodents, start to come out, the moment is particularly favourable for him. Moreover, the cat who is nyctalope has no difficulty to find himself in the dark thanks to his very powerful binocular vision which helps him to seize easily his preys. In the dark, its eyes continue to reflect light, which is why they seem to glow even when it is very dark.

In addition to its hunting activities, the cat also prefers to mate at night. During this time, it is quiet and undisturbed by surrounding noises. Felines also prefer to mate away from prying eyes and do not like to be observed.

Even if your cat likes to go out at night, it should not be outside at the end of the day either. He might not be able to stand the wind, snow or rain. It is better to create a cat flap on the front door so that he can go in and out whenever he wants.

... also very restless at night

When the cat lives outside, this does not cause any problems in terms of cohabitation. But the situation becomes more complicated when he can't go outside. Because it is necessary to know that in the evening, the cat is affected by the syndrome of nocturnal agitation which takes place around 7 p.m. in winter and at 5 a.m. in summer. He starts to make many disturbing gestures. For example, he starts to chew his master who is asleep or to scratch his hands. It also happens that he drops objects, meows very loudly, makes his claws and many other things not easy to live with for the owners. The objective of this behavior is to make his owner get up and react or play with him. Be careful, in these moments, it is preferable to ignore him rather than to answer his agitations. This will gradually help him to understand that he should not behave like this.

To prevent the cat from becoming so agitated at night, it is essential to keep it busy during the day. You can, for example, take two cats instead of one to avoid all these disturbing behaviors. Having a companion allows you to satisfy his need for activity. Otherwise, take the time to play with your cat as much as possible. There are countless commercially available gadgets that will keep him entertained and tired so that at night he will prefer to rest.

Eczema in cats: symptoms, causes, treatments and prevention

Contrary to what many people may think, eczema does not only affect humans, but also a large number of mammals, including cats.

This skin disorder is also called dermatitis, because it is not a disease of its own, but an inflammation of the skin that can have various causes. It is not a life-threatening problem, but it can be embarrassing for the affected cat, even painful if it is not treated quickly.

Find out how best to deal with this skin inflammation to save your cat from weeks of annoying and painful itching.

The symptoms of eczema in cats

The symptoms of eczema are progressive. First, you may notice your cat licking a lot, sometimes with nervous "flicking" of the tail. Even if you don't always notice them, it's during these first discreet signs that you should check the condition of your cat's skin to act as soon as possible.

At a slightly more advanced stage, you may notice that the cat is scratching much more than usual, but is not covered with fleas or other parasites. His skin will start to peel, leaving small flakes of skin. If you don't see anything on your cat, check the condition of your carpets or rugs if you have them. Traces of dandruff can be a sign that your cat has eczema.

Finally, if the disease is still untreated, you may see red patches appear on his skin, and the hair will be pulled out because of the itching in certain areas. In the most advanced cases, you may even see scabs, due to your cat scratching itself to the point of blood.

Whatever the stage of the disease, contact your veterinarian as soon as possible.

Causes of eczema in cats

There are many reasons that can inflame the skin in this way and cause eczema:

• anxiety or stress: certainly one of the most frequent causes of eczema, whether for cats or humans. Indeed, stress in cats can make them behave differently, to evacuate their stress, as well as licking themselves more than necessary or scratching compulsively.
• Allergies: Eczema can indeed be the result of allergies. This can be due to medication, parasites, or in the most common cases, to food components, including gluten present in most kibbles, responsible for many intolerances, even in cats.
• Heredity: like many other health problems, eczema can be hereditary. If a parent was prone to these skin inflammations, they may have passed the condition on to their offspring. Some breeds of cats are also more prone to eczema than others, such as the Siamese and the Burmese.
• Parasites: if not treated in time, parasites can cause eczema through itching.
• Hormonal imbalance: just as in humans, eczema can occur during hormonal imbalances, especially during breeding season.
• Malnutrition: Diet plays a big role in skin problems. A cat fed too much poor quality kibble for too long can become itchy and develop eczema.

Treatments for eczema in cats

Eczema is an inflammation of the skin that is very treatable these days, in many ways. However, you will need to consult a veterinarian to discuss the appropriate treatment for your cat's eczema.

Medication treatment for eczema

When eczema is advanced and the itching is very intense, the cat may not be able to stop scratching until it bleeds. In this case, corticosteroid ointments and antihistamine creams will be prescribed.

Change of diet

If the eczema is due to malnutrition or food allergies, the veterinarian will recommend a healthier, hypoallergenic diet to soothe the cat's itching and gradually heal the eczema.

Treating eczema with natural methods

Perfectly natural methods, including homeopathy, have been proven to treat eczema in both cats and humans. Indeed, applying green clay poultices on the areas affected by the inflammation, complemented by the intake of homeopathic medicines adapted to your cat prescribed by your veterinarian, will be able to calm its itching and thus soothe its eczema.

How can eczema be prevented in cats?

Unfortunately, there is no way to prevent eczema in your cat. Just make sure your cat is in good general health, by regularly observing his or her behavior and how often he or she licks or scratches himself or herself.

Also, if you can, try to feed your cat good quality food, and if there is a suspicion, have allergy testing done to make sure it is safe to eat what you feed. If necessary, feed him hypoallergenic kibble.

As you have seen, eczema is a very treatable disease, and not especially serious. However, it should not be taken lightly, it can be really painful for your cat, especially in the long term, and it shows that there is a problem in your cat's life that is causing this skin inflammation. Just remember to pay attention to the signs that should alert you to your cat's possible eczema.

Cat with a disability: what are the solutions to accompany him?

A cat with a disability requires a lot of investment on the part of the owner to allow the animal to be as happy as possible. In addition to buying an adapted equipment or accessory in a specialized store, it is necessary to meet many needs, every day, to help his little companion, whether he is affected on the neurological or motor level. Let's zoom in on the support solutions for disabled cats and the ways to make their daily life easier.

The different disabilities in cats

The handicap in the cat can have different origins such as accident, mistreatment, disease and especially sometimes if this one was not treated. Among the most common disabilities in cats, we find :

• Feline cerebral hypoplasia, whose level of severity is variable: a neurological disease acquired during the gestation period.
• A malformation of a limb.
• Absence of a paw due to amputation.
• Deafness.
• Blindness.
• Paralysis.

Equipment and accessories for disabled cats

Some equipment and accessories for cats with motor disabilities are marketed by Internet sites specialized in products for pets. But it is also possible to refer to the veterinarian.

They have been designed to facilitate the daily life of these animals. It is the case :

• The mobile and folding staircase: it allows the cat to climb on the sofa if it can no longer jump,
• An access ramp: it can be placed on the stairs,
• A walking aid cart: it is adapted to cats with paralysis of the hindquarters,
• Socks for cats: very useful so that they do not slip on the floor and can move more easily in the house or apartment.

What can be done on a daily basis to facilitate the life of a disabled cat?

In order for the cat to live serenely, it is absolutely necessary to adapt its environment to its handicap. Indeed, he may have difficulties in walking, whether it is due to the amputation of a leg, because of a paralysis or even a hypoplasia. This arrangement consists in :

• Facilitating the cat's access to its basket, litter box and bowls by placing everything on the same floor. The goal is to avoid the cat having to use a staircase to move around the house.
• Put a carpet or a rug in the places most frequented by the animal to limit as much as possible the risks of slips and falls, especially if the cat is suffering from hypoplasia. This pathology causes, among other things, major balance problems, as the limbs are absolutely not synchronized.

The owner of a disabled cat must be involved at different levels to make life more pleasant for his little companion. In addition to doing everything possible to ensure that his little companion receives the best possible care from the veterinarian, he must take charge of his cat several times a day to help him.

• Carry your cat to the litter box,
• Bring the cat's bowls so that the cat does not have to move,
• Brush the cat once or twice a day to remove dead hair if the cat cannot groom itself normally,
• Install a ramp on the stairs so that the animal can go up and down more easily,
• Regularly cut its claws because they do not wear out sufficiently in a disabled cat that hardly ever walks outside,
• Accompany your cat in the garden or in a public park because it is very important that it gets some fresh air, sniffs the smells...

It is essential to take certain precautions when living with a deaf or blind cat, especially regarding its approach because it can be surprised very quickly and be in a state of permanent stress. In order not to frighten it, it is necessary to take the precaution of :

• Talk to him before petting him or taking him in your arms if he is blind,
• Place yourself in its field of vision before interacting with your deaf cat.

If the cat is blind, it is of course necessary to avoid changing the furniture of place because the animal would be lost and would be likely to bump into it. Once the cat has its bearings, it is essential to do everything possible to keep them. In this way, the blind cat can go alone to its litter box, it can also be autonomous to drink, eat, climb on the sofa or lie down in its basket.

A cat that is deaf or blind should never be allowed to go out alone. The animal must of course always be accompanied by its owner so that it is well protected from the various dangers to which it is particularly exposed because of its handicap.

Finally, no matter what disability your cat has, you should continue to play with it because it needs interaction with its foster family, just like any other cat. Affection is also crucial to making life easier for the cat, especially since the animal has certainly formed a strong bond with its owner.

How to carry a cat?

There are good and very confident cats that allow themselves to be carried a little in any way, without showing any particular discomfort or disagreement with the way you do it. Usually, they have been in contact with small children from an early age, and thanks to their quiet nature, they have not been traumatized by it. However, these particular cases do not represent a generalization of behavior. So here are some indications to carry a cat well.

Why ask yourself how to carry a cat?

To ask yourself how to carry a cat is to respect it as a living being. To handle it well is to be concerned not to hurt it but also, considering their feline nature with wild accents, to protect you for moments of quiet cuddles, without clawing.

On the other hand, if he is sick and therefore a little more stressed, or if you wish to groom him, a good handling will contribute to reassure him and to reach your objectives without that it turns into a trying hand-to-hand fight.

Cats, like all animals, have their moods, their character, their biology. By paying attention to his behavior, you will end up knowing when it is the right time to handle him, always without excess.

Gestures to avoid when carrying a cat

Forget about carrying the cat as you would a baby, i.e. by placing the cat on its back. While some cats tolerate this, it is not common and they are far from happy about it. It is not a natural position for them.

Also forget about carrying the cat under the shoulders, the rest of the body without any support. Most of them feel very unsafe this way.

You should also avoid holding it by the neck. This is not a way to take the cat for a hug but a way to channel it. This is how female cats carry their babies. So it's not an unusual way for a cat to be carried, but it's still a gesture that should be reserved for when you need to calm him down, administer care, or move him while staying safe from his claws.

How to carry your cat properly?

To carry a cat properly, you need to do what it takes to make it feel supported. If he has not decided himself to leave the contact with the ground, if he feels unbalanced, the instinct takes over, he perceives as a danger, he panics, and will rush to restore contact with the ground as soon as possible. To reassure him, you must therefore place one hand under his chest and the other under his backside, over his tail.

Kittens must first be socialized. You will carry it in the same way as described above. Gently move it, gently lift it, hold it close to you, talk to it peacefully to reassure it, and put it back down just as gently. Do this, several times a day, for a short time, no more than five minutes. If possible, have different people carry the cat and explain how to do it to them beforehand.

What if the cat scolds and scratches when you carry it in your arms?

Some cats can't stand being held. If there is no pain-inducing disease that can explain this behavior, it is usually because the cat was not handled enough when it was young or was handled in a way that created trauma.

Positive education can help improve the situation. Lure your cat into your lap with a treat. Once within arm's reach, pet him, try to gently move him closer to your lap. If he stays there, reward him with another treat. If it's too early, repeat the process several times until he agrees to sit on your lap.

Once he's used to being on your lap, try lifting him very briefly. If he rumbles, don't insist. But if he stays calm, reward him. Gradually, you'll get the hang of cuddling him. And if you don't make any progress, you'll have to come to terms with the situation.

Why does my cat fire? Everything you need to know about cat burbling

When a cat spits or fires, it is necessarily to express a discontent. It is a defensive reflex that can occur on many occasions. The cat's spitting is a sign of aggressiveness that must always be taken seriously because it can be an expression of fear, annoyance or even pain whose origin must be detected. Let's take stock.

What is cat calling?

Barking is an instinctive attitude adopted by a cat (or any other feline), regardless of its character. Whether it has a strong personality or is as gentle as a lamb, young or old, every cat fires at some point. In common parlance, it is said that he spits, and it is true that in these moments, one prefers to stay away because the cat that fires is very aggressive.

The cat's voice expresses a warning, i.e. a threat against an opponent. It can be a fellow cat, an animal of another species or a human (owner or other). In the vast majority of cases, the cat fires when it feels threatened. However, it will also do so on other occasions.

Cat's fire: the different reasons

Understanding the reasons why a cat will spit is important if you want to respect the feelings of your little friend and give it all the care it needs. Cats will feint in the following situations.

It expresses a feeling of fear

Firing occurs when a cat comes face-to-face with a non-friend or with a dog that it is afraid of. But it can also occur with a stranger. It's best to get the cat used to accepting the presence of a friend of the owner so that the cat doesn't run away every time he visits. The animal must understand that this person does not want to hurt it. The person can play with the cat for a few minutes or introduce it to its favorite food, which will help the cat feel more confident.

It is very annoyed

The cat is shouting at anyone who will listen, telling them to leave him alone. This can happen when he gets tired of a game, or when you brush him or pet him, or even if you approach him while he is eating. In these conditions, you have to leave him alone, move away from him in order to respect his bubble.

It is very stressed

Many situations generate stress in cats because they are hyper sensitive animals. A highly stressed cat can therefore cry out at any moment. If this continues over time, it is recommended to consult a veterinary behaviorist because this repetitive attitude proves that the cat suffers from a deep emotional disorder such as anxiety attacks, depression.

It absolutely needs to be taken care of because without treatment, its malaise can worsen. Moreover, so that the relationship between the master and the cat does not deteriorate, it is better that the fights stop because if they persist, they can generate a feeling of fear in all the members of the family.

Let's not forget that a cat locked in a permanent stress or living in fear can attack more or less violently an animal or a human. If there are children in the home, you must be especially careful and never leave them alone with the cat in such conditions.

It is in physical pain

Any health problem that causes discomfort or pain can be the cause of a cat snapping. In fact, a cat owner may be alerted to the fact that his or her cat is suddenly snapping, even though it is not a habit.

Sometimes, the slightest caress makes the cat spit. Of course, you should not insist and try to identify the cause. Was it injured in a fight or an accident? In this case, a wound may go unnoticed because it is well hidden under the thick fur of the kitty, but it may also be an internal injury (sprain, broken rib, etc.) which inevitably triggers pain with each movement. Any suspicion of trauma should be investigated urgently.

Taking the cat to the vet is the wisest thing to do if you suspect a problem. Additional tests will be performed, which will clearly identify either the trauma or the underlying disease that is causing the physical pain. It is also necessary to consult without delay if he is panting with his mouth open, regurgitates a kind of foamy liquid, has dilated pupils, moves his head in all directions, loses his balance... These are all suspicious signs that must be indicated to the veterinarian.

Birth of kittens: the birth of the cat? What to do?

The birth of a cat is a wonderful moment that it would be a shame not to experience once in a lifetime. When it comes to our little one, it's easy to get lost when the labor begins. Should we help her? If so, what to do? How can we be sure that everything goes well? The main thing is not to panic, check a few things in particular that we will discuss in this article, and act accordingly.

When does a cat give birth?

A birth usually starts between 60 and 65 days after fertilization, which is about two months. If the cat, after 65 days, has still not given birth, it is best to consult a veterinarian, it is likely that there is a problem with the kittens or the uterus of the mother.

How does the birth of kittens take place?

Usually, the birth is spotted one or two days before the fateful moment. The female starts looking for a place to make a "nest", to be able to give birth safely, for her and her babies. Clothes, sand, baskets, many things are for her a potential nest. She will mainly look for something soft in which she can feel safe.

There is another sign, which will announce that the whelping will take place in the next 24 hours. The rectal temperature (which can be taken with an anal thermometer), will drop from 38-39°C (which is the usual temperature for a cat), to 37°C: a drop of 1°C is often observed in the 48 hours before the birth.

Following these stages, the uterus of the female will begin to prepare to expel the kittens, by opening its neck. During this period, which can be quite long (from 5 to 30 hours), the cat will be quite agitated, meowing, and appearing panicked. If it is in the middle of the night, she will most certainly come to wake you up. In this case, don't argue with her to get her to leave you alone. It's time to assume your role as master, and get up to help her through a difficult stage in her life.

The beginning of the cat's labor

When she's about to go into labor, she'll go to her nest. She may not have found one beforehand, in which case she will be lost and won't know where to put herself. It is possible that she will go to her litter box to do the work. This is to be avoided absolutely because the litter box may be soiled; for obvious reasons of hygiene, it is out of the question to let her give birth in it, and even if the litter box is clean, the grains of which it is made up may enter the uterus of the female, making the expulsion of the kittens very painful for her, and moreover, causing an infection.

In case she doesn't have a nest, find her a box in which you will put old clothes of yours. The edges of the box will give her a sense of security, and your scent on the clothes will soothe her.

From this point on, the contractions will become more and more frequent. The female will start to break her water and will lick her vulva very frequently. This is a sign that the arrival of the babies is imminent.

The arrival of the kittens

Here comes the long awaited moment. The kittens will come out with either their head or pelvis forward. Don't expect just one, a female gives birth to an average of three to nine kittens. The length of time between each kitten's birth varies, from ten minutes to an hour.

Very important: if the cat continues to have contractions, but nothing comes out, this may mean that a kitten has passed through the cervix in a bad position, and that there may be a blockage. In this case, contact a home veterinarian urgently, the mother can die of exhaustion if she spends more than an hour in this state, and consequently, the kittens too.

At this stage, if there are no complications, your role is very limited, it consists mainly in not disturbing the mother and not touching the kittens, at least for the moment. You can however encourage your cat with a soft voice to try to soothe her.

Once the pups come out, they will be naked (i.e. hairless), or with extremely short hair, and surrounded by a membrane. They will be attached in most cases to a placenta by their umbilical cord (the cord may have been detached during delivery). If all goes well, the mother at this stage will cut the cords with her teeth, tear the membrane around the kitten, and lick the little one to start breathing. If she doesn't do this, it will be up to you to intervene quickly. You will have to cut the cord yourself with sterilized scissors and gently remove it from the membrane by tearing it with your fingers, not with a tool that could hurt the little one. If he is not breathing, massage him with a towel to clean him and stimulate breathing.

Finally, if some of the cords were detached during the delivery, it is possible that the mother, after expulsion of the babies, expels the placentas that were left in the uterus. Don't panic, there is nothing serious, it is even possible that she eats them, let her do it. The female has lost a lot of blood during the birth process and needs proteins, which are found in large quantities in the placentas, to replenish her red blood cells.

Once all this work is done, give your cat fresh water and food. Wet food such as mash is preferable to kibble in this case, as the female has lost a lot of water during delivery, so dry food such as kibble will only dry her out and dehydrate her further. She may not be hungry or thirsty at the moment, but being very weak, having food nearby will only help.

The kittens will naturally go to suckle the mother, who will let them do so and rest from all these ordeals. On your side, let this little family take a well-deserved rest, while regularly monitoring that everything is going well. You will be able to watch the little ones evolve, grow and discover all sorts of things, it's a fascinating sight to see.

Now you have all the information you need to make sure that the birth takes place in good conditions. Just know that if you observe any complication during the process that has not been mentioned in this article, do not hesitate to call a vet as soon as possible.

Ginger cats: very special!

Ginger cats are fascinating. The proof: they are present in several comics or animated films. Discover some of the particularities of this animal like no other.

The specificities of ginger cats

Ginger cats have a coat that ranges in color from sandy to red. The pattern of the cat's coat governs the distribution of this shade throughout the coat. Pheomelanins are the pigments responsible for the red color. A particularity of red cats is that they are 80% male.

If we know that tortoiseshell cats are generally female because of genetic particularities, we don't know yet why red cats are generally male. This type of coat is also common in many cats, with or without pedigree. Those with a pedigree have a more intense red coat, while those without a pedigree have a lighter shade. They are called "Ginger". And this is not their only nickname as they are also called "marmalade". This name distinguishes tabby cats with a red base from those with a black base.

Some breeds of ginger cats

There are many breeds of ginger cats. However, there are no breeds that are exclusively red in their standard. Among the most popular breeds with this beautiful color is the Main coon, which is one of the largest cats in the world. It can be up to one meter high. Legend has it that this huge cat is a hybrid between a raccoon and a cat.

Another popular red-headed breed is the Persian, which is known for its regal looks and superb appearance. The Persian is always eager to be petted and cuddled and is appreciated for its reserved and gentle nature. It is the pet par excellence.

A little less known than its two previous congeners, the Norwegian is also a red breed already known at the time of the Vikings. It benefits from an opulent fur that allows it to fight against the low temperatures typical of Norway. It is a very independent animal, which likes to live in the open air and to hunt. It is also affectionate and will never get tired of playing.

The most famous ginger cats

Because of their beautiful orange coat, ginger cats are a source of fascination. Winston Churchill is said to have owned a ginger tabby cat named Tango.

Another celebrity is Garfield, a well-known cartoon character whose favorite activities are sleeping, eating and pestering his master Jon.

We also remember another famous ginger cat, Azrael, in the Smurfs cartoon. Just like his master Gargamel, this cat has a bad temper and only wants to make trouble for the Smurfs.

There are other popular ginger cats that can be mentioned like the Potted Cat in the animated movie Shrek. Even in the movies, we can find some like in Harry Potter where we often see Pattenrond, the cat of the heroine Hermione.

The Russian Blue, an elegant cat

Very balanced, the Russian Blue is nevertheless mysterious. It finds its place with calm people, who are not too stressed or busy. This cat does not tolerate hectic environments, so if your children are noisy, it is not the ideal pet.

Russian Blue Characteristics

The Russian Blue has an elegant, muscular, graceful, long and strong body. The standard does not tolerate a massive or bulky body. The cat also has very long legs and a dense tail. Its rounded head has a long neck, straight and spread ears and two pronounced green almond-shaped eyes set wide apart. In kittens, yellow-green eyes are allowed.

The coat is soft, fine and short. In principle, the coat should be of an intense blue-gray color, with a touch of silver at the ends of the hair. However, black or white are also tolerated by the standard provided that the first is jet black and that the second is completed by silver reflections.

History of the Russian Blue breed

As its name suggests, the Russian Blue originated in Russia. But in truth, a halo of mystery covers the origins of this cat breed. We don't really know where it came from, but it is said that it originated in the Russian port of Arkhangelsk. At that time, it was hunted for its fur. Another theory is that the Russian Blue was bred in England and appeared in the 1900s. One thing is certain: the work of breeders in Great Britain prevented the disappearance of the breed during the Second World War. Moreover, because of new crossings that were necessary at that time to reconstitute the breed, the standard was modified in the 1950s.

Necessary living conditions and behavior of the Russian Blue

Softness, shyness and tranquility are the personality traits of the Russian Blue. Very attached to his owner, he will not leave him for a second. The Russian Blue does not need much activity. It can stay quietly in the house all day, without moving too much. This cat does not appreciate the agitation. This is why it is not adapted for children. On the other hand, he will be happy with the elderly. As he is shy, he expresses a lot of mistrust towards strangers. On the other hand, it will be able to cohabit perfectly with other cats or dogs. A life in an apartment or in a house with a garden will please him.

Food and main health problems of the Russian Blue

The diet should be rich in nutrients necessary for the good health and growth of the cat. A food based on fish and meat will be ideal. Of course, you can also give him kibbles, but preferably of premium quality. As for his health, there is nothing to fear. No specific disease is attributed to him. The breed is not associated with any hereditary pathologies either. Nevertheless, do not forget to brush him regularly to avoid the ingestion of hairballs at the origin of digestive disorders.

Why isn't my cat cuddly?

Cats are very independent and will only glean a few pats when they really want to. However, some cat breeds are more affectionate than others. So you have to make the right choice if you don't want to feel frustrated. But sometimes, against all odds, we get a cat that is not cuddly at all, but it is his life story that could be the cause. Let's find out.

Cat not cuddly: respect his personality

There is no need to force your cat to be petted. He will come to be cuddled by his master when it's the right time for him. Cats know how to make themselves understood because if they want to be petted, they will rub against their owner's legs, meow while looking into their eyes, or curl up in their lap. It is important that a master has some knowledge of "cat language" which is essentially body language.

It's even more important to understand your cat so that you don't get a rebuff when you try to cuddle him against his will. If he wants to be left in peace, at the slightest contact he will wag his tail, spit, lay his ears back... or even kick his paws. It is useless to insist, at the risk of being scratched.

A master must respect his pet and not impose rituals that do not suit him. Many cats are not cuddly, and this is simply a matter of temperament. This does not mean that they don't love their owners. Let's just say that they are not very demonstrative. You can't expect to be able to hug them all the time. It is a character trait that must be accepted.

Unaffectionate cats: their life history

It can happen that you choose a cat based on its breed because it is known to be cuddly and then, over time, you regret that your kitty is not at all affectionate. This is probably due to her past. His former owners were perhaps too severe with their animal, even violent. Unless he was put in contact with intrepid children who constantly pulled his tail or ears? In these cases, the little feline has lost all confidence and prefers to stay away from humans.

It also happens that a cat abandons her kittens for various reasons, or raises them in difficult conditions. The little cats probably do not receive the education and cuddles that help them grow up. It is also important to know that kittens that have never been handled by a human will have more difficulty, once they are adults, to be cuddly...

In other cases, it is the opposite which could happen. Let's not forget that invasive masters can only obtain the opposite of what they are looking for. Wanting to cuddle your cat all the time if he doesn't want to will only drive him away from his owner.

In either case, it takes a lot of patience for the cat to learn to trust and eventually deign to accept his owner's cuddles.

The most cuddly cat breeds

Owners who want to adopt a cuddly cat that spends its time giving out affection are well advised to turn to a professional breeder. The most cuddly breeds include the Ragdoll, the Maine Coon, the Persian Chinchilla, the Sacred Burmese and the Sphynx, a naked cat that - underneath its unattractive appearance for some - is a real little ball of love. However, we must be aware that we do not adopt a pet thinking that it will be at our disposal. Loving your cat is all about giving it all the care it needs and providing a clean and serene environment. Cuddling may not be part of his expectations.

Cat groomer: his mission, choosing him, prices

Cats love to be pampered. If you want to offer a pleasant moment to your pet, the groomer will know how to bring him beauty and well-being combined. We give you all the elements to choose the groomer to whom you will entrust your cat.

The groomer is not for all cats

Your cat must be accustomed from his youngest age to be groomed by a professional, by taking him there every 3 months minimum. A kitten exposed to water early on, in a gentle and progressive manner, will get used to being bathed and will be more inclined to like water and to enjoy bath time. Verbal encouragement, petting and rewards will help the young cat to accept this new activity.

Ideally, the groomer should intervene at home: it limits the handling linked to the travel, avoids the stress of waiting and the risks of sometimes violent interactions in the salon with the other animals.

If your aging cat suffers from rheumatism, it is better not to take him to the groomer because he might suffer and make you responsible.

Presentation of the cat groomer

The groomer does not treat the animals but beautifies them. If a wound or skin irritation is identified, the groomer will inform you of it and, if necessary, postpone the treatment so that you can take care of your pet.

A groomer rarely specializes in cat grooming and is usually able to provide cosmetic care for both dogs and cats. But he may have made cats his specialty.

Since this profession is not very lucrative considering the time required to groom an animal, the groomer is generally a person who is passionate about what he does. They are able to gain the trust of animals and know how to restrain or handle them without harming them. The groomer chooses the products adapted to each animal, according to its sensitivity: shampoos, anti-parasite products, flea products, etc.

He usually works in a salon. More and more groomers offer their services in a truck that allows them to come closer to your home. The groomer can also intervene at your home.

Possible training of the cat groomer

The Technical Certificate of Trades (CTM) of canine and feline groomer is a diploma recognized by the State. Equivalent to the CAP level, it validates a theoretical and practical training which takes place over 2 years, spent in apprenticeship or in professionalization contract. This training is accessible to young people from 15 to 25 years old. The condition is to have completed 9th grade for 15 year olds interested in this professional path.

Even if there is no reference framework for the program, the establishments provide all the necessary knowledge and know-how: grooming techniques, hygiene and safety, animal behavior and psychology, canine and feline morphology, knowledge of the material and equipment necessary for the profession.

Finally, you should know that even if this diploma exists, it is not required to exercise the profession.

Choosing the right grooming salon

For this kind of intervention, word-of-mouth is generally a good source of information: family, friends or neighbors will be able to tell you about their own experience.

A visit to the salon is essential for you to be able to entrust your pet in complete serenity. You will observe the cleanliness of the premises and the conditions of reception of the animals in waiting, will note your feeling during this first contact and will ask if the groomer keeps files by animals. Be also attentive to the hygiene protocols put in place to avoid the propagation of diseases and parasites from one animal to another via the equipment.

In order to distinguish themselves and meet the increasingly specific demands of pet owners, some salons offer special services: spa, aromatherapy, massages, use of organic products. Obviously, the price increases accordingly.

Among all these criteria, there is undoubtedly one to be privileged over the others: the behavior of your pet at the first contact with the groomer.

The prices of a cat groomer

Grooming an animal is an expensive act and can represent a real luxury, depending on the level of service chosen.

After careful examination of the animal's coat, the groomer begins by brushing it to untangle the knots. Detangling costs between 25 and 30 dollars an hour.

He can then wash the animal, rinse it, dry it and brush it again. Bathing a cat ranges from 25 dollars to 40 dollars, depending on the nature of the cat's hair.

He cuts the hair, using a clipper or scissors. If it is a question of preparing the animal for a contest, he will consult the standards in force. Shearing costs about 30 dollars.

The groomer can also clean the inside of the ears and trim the claws. A claw trim costs about 5 dollars.

A complete maintenance can thus represent nearly 85 dollars, and that once per quarter minimum. However, bathing is not compulsory and some salons offer pet owners with a tight budget a minimum service: cleaning of the ears and eyes, trimming of the claws and untangling of the hair.

Abscesses in cats: symptoms, treatment and prevention

The cat is quite used to abscesses, which can have various origins. Difficult to prevent, an abscess can be serious because it can lead to complications. It is therefore better to consult as soon as you have the slightest fear. Let's take a look at abscesses in cats, their causes, their manifestations, the possible fatal risks and the necessary treatments.

Cat abscess: what is it and what causes it?

In case of infection, the cat can have a skin abscess, that is to say superficial, or one that develops within the body, in which case it is a deep abscess. In either case, a pocket of pus forms and increases in volume over time. This is usually very painful.

A cat can develop an abscess after a bite, a severe scratch, especially when fighting with another cat. But infection can also occur when a foreign body enters the body or when the animal is bitten. Cats that wander through brambles are particularly at risk. All parts of the body are susceptible to abscesses, but so is the head.

Cat abscesses: symptoms

It is always at the place of the wound that an abscess forms. It takes a maximum of three days for it to mature. The main symptoms of an abscess in cats are the following:

• Presence of a soft, warm lump,
• Pain triggered by palpation,
• Fever,
• Fatigue,
• Appearance of scab(s) at the site of the sting, scratch or bite, on the central part of the abscess,
• Hair loss and skin necrosis in the affected area,
• Rupture of the abscess with pus flow with a foul odor.

Abscesses in cats: complications are possible

It is advisable to consult a veterinarian when the presence of an abscess is suspected without waiting for it to evolve. This will limit the risk of complications, which can be serious, even leading to the death of the cat. The main complications that can be feared in case of an untreated abscess are the following:

• Severe necrosis,
• Sepsis, which is a generalized infection,
• Acute circulatory failure or septic shock that can lead to fatal cardiovascular collapse.

The most serious cases exist in particular in case of deep abscess which can, at the beginning, pass completely unnoticed if the animal is not treated in time.

Cat abscess: treatment

A clinical examination is usually sufficient to diagnose an abscess in cats. The veterinarian adapts the treatment according to the stage of maturation of the abscess and its condition.

• Treatment with antibiotics and sometimes even anti-inflammatory drugs if the abscess has not matured: the goal is to stop the infection as soon as possible and to treat the pain. In a few days, the abscess can be seen to be resorbed.
• Surgical treatment if the abscess is mature: in this case, the veterinarian pierces the abscess in order to completely empty the pocket that has formed. The operation is followed by a cleaning of the wound and its disinfection. Finally, the practitioner stitches the wound.

Some owners take their cat to the veterinarian when the abscess has broken through spontaneously. In these cases, the professional will clean and disinfect the affected area after making sure that all the pus has been removed. He or she then makes a clean cut of the necrotic skin and places a few stitches to allow the healthy skin to heal.

The only way to prevent abscesses in cats is to have them spayed or neutered to reduce the risk of fights. But you can't stop your cat from running around in the wild or from sneaking into rose bushes or brambles to watch for possible prey, because let's not forget that the little feline retains its hunting instinct even if it is perfectly fed by its master. It is thus necessary to be vigilant and not to wait to consult the veterinarian as soon as the cat presents symptoms being able to make suspect the presence of an abscess.

Is the cat the most allergenic pet?

When we talk about allergy to animals, the first person we think of almost systematically is the cat. To say that one is allergic to animals is a shortcut, because it is an allergen, present among other things in the saliva or in the hair of an animal, that causes problems in sensitive subjects. This can occur in the presence of a dog, a horse, a hamster, but cats seem to be even more frequently the cause of allergies in humans. Let's take stock of the situation.

Allergy to allergenic animal proteins

As with all types of allergies, those that occur in the presence of an animal are affecting more and more people. Nearly 30% of people are affected, all allergies combined.

Allergy to animals is due to the presence of allergenic proteins that can be found (for example in cats) in :

• Saliva,
• Anal glands,
• Sebaceous glands,
• Scales (dead skin).

It is enough that one is sensitive to this allergen to develop various cutaneous, ocular (conjunctivitis), respiratory (runny nose, cough, asthma) manifestations.

The most allergenic pets: the cat at the top of the list

It is indeed the cat that takes first place on the podium of allergenic species since it is the cause of more than 65% of animal allergies. It must be said that the kitty does everything it takes to disperse its allergens throughout its owners' living space. He squats on the couch as well as the bed, where once he's settled in, he licks himself profusely, always anxious to groom himself and pull out the knots formed by his hair. It is known that the risk of developing allergic asthma is four times higher when you have a cat.

This is a serious matter, as allergic asthma can worsen over time to the point where complications can be severe for children and adults, especially in terms of breathing.

Living with your cat when you are allergic: the right gestures

When the allergy is important, the ideal is not to have allergenic animals. In any case, to limit the risks of being affected by allergens one day, it is essential to ensure that your home is impeccably clean. Dusting and vacuuming should be done every day to remove dust and pet hair that settles on floors and carpets as well as on furniture and clothing.

It is also crucial to air all the rooms in the house or apartment several times a day, regardless of the outside temperature. If it is really cold, two airings a day are sufficient, about ten minutes in the morning and as many in the afternoon.

It is not easy to live with a cat when you have an allergic condition. In the most serious cases, it is strongly recommended to separate from your little companion and to opt for a scaly animal instead. In other words, a person who is allergic to animals can start aquaristics...

In any case, it is not at all reasonable to wait until the allergy worsens before making the necessary decision to entrust your cat or other allergic animal to a new family. Let's not forget that an allergic person's immune system is weakened. But if you refuse to take this step, the solution remains to forbid your pet from living in your home and to install a small house in the garden, even if it is not certain that he will appreciate it...

Hairless cats: the main breeds and precautions to take

The hairless cat is a fairly recent animal since the first sphynx appeared in the 60s. Between 20 and 30 years later, two other known breeds appeared, namely the donskoy and the peterbald. These rare species which arouse the interest by their very particular physical appearance also need specific care.

The sphynx

Although it appeared for the first time in Canada, the sphynx would be in fact originating from France. Amenophis Clone, the cat that served as the basis for the first standard of the breed would have been born in France. Of medium size, the Sphynx has a fine bone structure but a broad chest and a marked musculature. Its head is triangular with a flat forehead and a broad skull. The ears are imposing and open and the eyes are large and expressive. The sphynx is a very family-oriented breed. It is cuddly, playful and expressive.

The peterbald

The peterbald is the most recent hairless cat breed. It would be resulting from a crossing between a male donskoy and a female oriental shorthair. Its appearance goes back to Saint-Petersburg in Russia in the years 1990. This breed has a dominant gene which allowed the breeders to obtain quite easily a cat without hair with the look of the oriental cat. But it is important to know that even if it belongs to the category of naked cat, the peterbald can also have a fine down or a hard and short hair. This animal with a fine head, large ears and a long body does not appreciate solitude. It is sometimes a bit of a potty mouth. On the other hand, it is affectionate and rather active.

The donskoy

Just like the peterbald, the donskoy would be originating in Russia. Also called Don sphynx, this animal carries a dominant gene which involves the loss or the absence of hairs. Nevertheless, in addition to this variety known as "naked", there is the "brush" which has a curly and short hair as well as the "velvet" which displays an almost invisible down. Of average size, this race has a well proportioned, muscular and solid body. The donskoy has a wedge-shaped head with a long nose and eyes in the shape of almond. The donskoy is a curious cat, lively and very playful. It is affectionate towards its family and can evolve with other animals.

The rules to be known to look after a cat without hair

Due to their lack of hair, hairless cats need special care. For example, it is important to protect them well in winter as well as in summer and to preserve them from possible sunburn. To protect themselves, their skin tends to produce excess sebum. A bath, once a month, is recommended. The eyes and ears must be cleaned meticulously.

One of the advantages of these animals is that they have an iron health. To preserve it, a quality diet with lots of proteins is essential.

Deworming your cat: why, how, how often?

Deworming your cat is a way to ensure the health of your pet and, more importantly, your family. Since parasites can be transmitted from humans to animals, it is important to avoid infestation in your pet and never underestimate the importance of this preventive measure.

The interest of deworming your cat

Cats are susceptible to worms even if they never leave an apartment. These worms cause serious and irreparable damage to the digestive system, i.e. the stomach and intestines. Worse, there are parasites that are very dangerous because they can be transmitted to humans, such as roundworms. Children are the most sensitive if hygiene rules are not respected.

Even if you think that your house is clean and that no contamination will touch your cat, remain vigilant because it happens that worms, larvae or eggs come for example to stick to the soles of your shoes and thus introduce themselves in your house. This is enough to infest your pet. After ingestion, these larvae or eggs develop in the digestive tract. They grow by feeding on the food eaten by the feline and also via its blood.

Period and frequency of deworming treatment

Worming will kill all the worms that are lodged in the digestive system. There are two types of worms: tapeworms and the ascaris mentioned above. When parasitized, cats may show symptoms such as loss of vitality, weight loss, severe diarrhea or a very dull coat. Belly bloating is also an indicator to consider.

Worm contamination can begin as early as the gestation period in the animal. Parasites are transmitted to kittens in their mother's womb. The same is true at the time of feeding, which can become a source of contamination. Faced with this phenomenon, it is important to start deworming the kittens every two weeks until they are three months old. After that, deworming is done monthly until they are six months old. As an adult, cats should be dewormed two to four times a year.

How do I deworm a cat?

You don't have to go to the vet to have your cat dewormed. You can do it yourself by using oral tablets or special pipettes.

If you choose the first option, you can simply present the tablet as a treat for your pet to swallow. If your pet is reluctant, you may have to force the tablet into his mouth and insert it behind the lump in his tongue to get him to swallow it quickly. Give him a real treat or congratulate him afterwards.

The pipette has the advantage of being easy to use. Its content is to be applied to the skin of the neck with a length of 2 to 3 cm.

The dewormers for kittens are prescribed by the veterinarian and must be adapted to their age and to their degree of parasitism.

Cat boarding: mission, regulations, advice and rates

The vacations are approaching and you want to take care of your cat. If you have already entrusted your cat to kind neighbors or friends who help you, you may not want to ask them anymore. In this case, cat boarding is the solution. To help you choose the right boarding facility, here are all the details about this fast-growing cat care service.

The mission of a boarding kennel

A boarding kennel is neither a shelter nor a care center. It's a place where you leave your pets so that we can ensure their well-being in your absence. This is why some boarding kennels only accept spayed or neutered cats, require that the cat be healthy and sociable, and refuse kittens under four months of age.

Putting your cat in a boarding kennel requires some registration formalities.

It is essential to present a photocopy of an identity card with the same name as the one indicated on the vaccination booklet.

The boarding kennel also requires a deposit check: it is not cashed, it is used to finance a possible visit to the veterinarian and to protect you from the temptation to abandon your cat. In the latter case, the boarding house will tell you the length of time without news from you at which they consider the cat abandoned (usually one week).

You will find some boarding kennels that are more careful, probably because they have been exposed to the problem too many times. They indicate that in case of abandonment, they will file a complaint by providing the photocopy of the ID card presented, the registration number of the vehicle with which you came and the copy of the surveillance video attesting to this number.

Tips

Having your cat looked after cannot be improvised. It is important that you yourself are ready to entrust your cat so that you can have a serene vacation. As for your cat, the fact that you are staying in an unfamiliar place should be compensated for by providing your cat with its usual kibble, as well as toys or other objects with its smell.

Expectations for the animal may vary from boarding facility to boarding facility. The boarding kennel may require that a parasite treatment be given upon arrival, or that proof of recent treatment or a new flea collar be provided.

Do not hesitate to ask to visit the premises before deciding. By law, each animal must have a minimum of 0.5 m² and be housed in premises with a minimum temperature of 15°C. Rooms with tiles and rounded corners facilitate the cleaning of the surfaces and thus a good hygiene. Litter boxes, cat trees, and beds must be available for the animals. A cat flap door will allow the cats to circulate at any time of the day and night.

The cat must be up to date with all its vaccines, the vaccination booklet attesting it, anticipate the date of the vacations to make sure that everything is in order. Vaccinations against leucosis, typhus and coryza will be required in all boarding houses; those against chlamydia and rabies depend on the region: they will be either recommended or mandatory.

Regulations concerning cat boarding

There is no official training that gives a diploma to the person in charge of the boarding. However, some training courses in the cat trade provide useful notions for managing these animals in a collective manner, such as the BPA, BP or bacs pros specialized in the breeding trades. Indeed, one learns to take care of cats, to educate them, but also to manage a clientele and a company. The LOOF (Livre Officiel des Origines Félines) also offers a Certificate of technical study of the pet. Do not hesitate to ask the boarding house for their references in this matter.

The pension for cat is an activity framed by the articles L.216-4 to L216-8 of the rural code and the maritime fishing. It is compulsory to declare the boarding house to the prefect.

The installations must be in conformity with the sanitary and animal protection rules. To ensure this, the Direction départementale des services vétérinaires (DDSV) carries out controls to ensure the hygiene of the premises and the comfort of the animals.

The manager of a boarding house for cats must be able to justify a professional certification (list established by the Ministry of Agriculture), a training authorized by the same ministry, or a certificate of capacity relating to the exercise of activities related to pets of domestic species (abbreviated CCAD, this certificate was issued until December 2015).

The boarding manager must keep two registers, one indicating the dates of entry and exit of the animals in his establishment, and the other all the care performed on the animals in boarding.

Rates for cat boarding

Cat boarding facilities are booming. You may have a choice and be able to compare the rates of the boarding kennels between them.

Check what is included in the prices: accommodation, daily cleaning of rooms, heating or ventilation, provision of all furniture, provision of toys, food.

The latter may be provided, in which case the rate will be higher. The boarding house can also accept that you provide yourself the kibbles, by imposing a minimum per day to avoid that your cat misses food.

Rates usually start at 10 dollars for a cat and for a stay of less than 15 days. The boarding kennel can offer a discount if you entrust several cats or if the stay is longer than 15 days. Special care, such as taking medication, administering insulin or brushing the coat daily, are subject to additional fees.

Some boarding kennels offer special approaches or high-end services: organic kibbles, vegetable and ecological litter, pheromone and essential oil diffusers, aromatherapy collars, etc. The price will be all the higher.

How to play with your cat?

The cat is known to be an independent and autonomous animal. But the need for attention varies enormously from one breed to another, from one individual to another. And the bonds between the master and his pet are forged on a daily basis. Play is a great way to nurture this relationship, and it's also good for your cat's health. Not sure how to play with your cat? Here are some suggestions.

What toys should I use?

The advantage of commercial toys is that they are feline-friendly and are generally designed to stimulate agility. However, there are many items that create play situations that you are not allowed to play with: treat balls, a play tower, a vibrating mouse...

That said, if your cat is particularly playful, capable of having fun for a very long time, you may get bored before he does. Being able to offer both will ensure that your cat doesn't rely solely on you to play.

Make a cat cane

While you can buy cat toys, you can also make your own. The cat cane is the "must have" in cat toys. It's a matter of waving an object under your cat's nose, suspended at the end of a wire to protect you from clawing. The object that is waving becomes a prey for the feline. Your cat will try to catch it, with more or less ardor, depending on its age, its shape, its interest or its desire.

It is an easy toy to make yourself. For that, you need :

• a stick (ideally made of wood),
• a string (be careful with too strong materials like nylon which could hurt your cat, prefer natural materials),
• and an object likely to interest the cat.

You attach the object to one end of the cord and the other end of the cord to the end of the wand.

As for the objects to be fixed, they are numerous: small ball of wool, feather, cork, paper ball, ping-pong ball, etc. As the cat can get bored quite quickly, the best is to make a stock of accessories, and you switch them every 3 days.

You can even make a cloth form that looks like a mouse, stuffed with catnip. A rolled up piece of cardboard can even act as a flying insect for the cat. Look around! Many objects can fit on the end of the cat cane.

Designing a little playground for your cat

You can also set up a small obstacle course for your cat. This activity is called cat agility.

A well-designed course will work his muscles, keep him flexible and stimulate his learning skills. It's an ideal activity for developing a strong bond between you and your cat.

The shape and length of the course depends on the space you have available. Toys, ladders, tunnels, obstacles, slaloms... let your imagination run wild! Here again, if you can find many things in stores, you probably already have enough to start at home: a chair for height, cardboard for a bridge, cushions for a jumping course... Train your cat gradually: swings and rings should be reserved for cats that are already used to them.

Some cats are so fond of agility that they do public demonstrations during official competitions. The time of course is then timed. The stimulation of the cat is done by a reward method in the form of treats.

Other ways to play with your cat

Cats love games that involve hiding. Under a cardboard box, behind a door, under a blanket, ... Your home is like a playpen: so many possibilities to play with your cat. You hide, you call him and you let him find you.

Finally, the laser pointer is a very popular game for cats. By placing yourself at the controls, you have the pleasure of seeing your cat try to catch the light point that you move according to your desires.

How long to play with your cat?

Cats spend most of the day sleeping. And when they're not sleeping, they can tend to wander in circles, especially in apartments. Playing distracts them from their boredom. Think about leaving one or more toys available for him to play with while you're away.

The frequency and duration of play depend on his age and physical condition. Ideally, you should play with your cat on a regular basis, at least once a day, and if possible, several times a day. The goal is to make your cat feel a part of your life. Twenty minutes a day is fine, an hour is perfect!

Cats are usually most active in the early morning and late evening, so try to make time for him during these times. In any case, don't wake him up to play: he may be angry at being woken up and won't actively participate in the game.

Remember that playing helps your child burn calories and therefore helps keep his weight and health in balance.

Cat collar: what is it for? What are the different models?

In case of skin disease, injury or after surgery, a cat needs to wear a collar. Let's see what is the use of this device and what are the different models.

What is a cat collar?

It is a protective device, also known as a collar, which is conical in shape and can be attached to the cat's collar with a tie.

The collar surrounds the animal's head so that it cannot lick or chew itself. It can be used when the cat has just undergone surgery or if it is injured, at the level of the body, the tail or the limbs. With this protective equipment, it is not possible for the cat to rip out its stitches or bandages. You can also put a collar on your cat when you treat him against parasites with a specific product and you don't want him to swallow it by licking himself.

But the collar also protects the head of the cat when it is tempted to scratch with its claws. This is the case, for example, if it has been operated or injured in an ear, face or skull. The collar also limits the risk of the animal over-infecting a wound that must be left in the open air by scratching it.

Cat collar: the different models

A collar for cat costs between 5 and 30 $ and is declined in three categories, namely:

The fabric collar

This collar is made of a cotton or polyester fabric of good thickness so that it is semi-rigid. It is a fairly comfortable equipment.

There is also an alternative to the fabric collar called the protective body. Also made of fabric, it is light. It is placed on the wounds or the area that needs to be protected during the post-surgical period, and is fixed with hook and loop fasteners. The bodysuit is especially recommended to protect the flanks, the belly and the back of the cat.

The moon collar or inflatable collar

This is a model which, as its name indicates, is in the shape of a quarter moon. Once it is inflated, the moon collar becomes more voluminous, in the same way as an inflatable buoy, blocking certain movements of the neck. The kitty can no longer lick itself or risk tearing off its bandage or stitches with its teeth.

However, you must be careful because the inflatable collar is not adapted in case of a wound on the head or the face, because its shape does not prevent the cat from scratching itself. This type of collar is also not used if the cat has an eye problem.

The plastic collar

This is the most common type of collar. It is available in many models. It can be plain or patterned, in transparent or opaque PVC. This collar is in any case designed in a rigid plastic.

When choosing a collar for your cat, you should check if it meets the needs perfectly and that the little feline will not have the opportunity to scratch or lick his wound. You should also ask about its ease of maintenance. A cat carrier must absolutely be washable. The best thing to do is to ask your veterinarian for advice if you're not sure which model to choose.

Finally, it is necessary to know that the cat generally has difficulty to support this type of equipment, that it is to find a comfortable position, to eat (a larger bowl is essential) or still to enter its toilet house. It is better to opt for an open litter box as long as the cat is wearing a collar. You should also try to speak a little quieter around the cat if its collar is made of plastic, as its conical shape tends to amplify the intensity of sounds. The kitty might not appreciate it...

My cat died: what can I do with it? What does the regulation say?

In addition to the fact that the death of a cat is always a very painful event for the whole family, it is also necessary to quickly make a decision that is no less disturbing as to what to do with the remains. Many owners decide to bury their little companion in their garden, but they are unaware that the regulations do not necessarily allow them to do so. There are many other solutions such as different forms of cremation, pet cemeteries or even taxidermy, the latter being less commonly chosen, we must admit. Let's take stock of the situation.

Burying your cat in the garden : it is sometimes possible but the conditions are strict

To know if it is possible to bury your pet in the garden, it is necessary to refer to the Code Rural et de la Pêche Maritime and more precisely to the articles L226-1 to L226-9 because, in this field, the regulation is rigorous. It is thus imperative to respect all the conditions imposed by the law, namely

• The animal's remains weigh less than 40 kg,
• The master must be the owner of the land (garden) where he wants to bury his cat. It is therefore totally forbidden if you are a tenant.
• The hole must be dug :
• On a depth of 120 cm at least,
• Away from a well, a spring or any other water source,
• At least 35 meters from a dwelling.
• The dead cat must be placed at the bottom of the pit:
• Either previously placed in a biodegradable container such as:
• A wooden box,
• A cardboard box,
• A cloth.
• Or on the ground.
• The animal's corpse must then be covered with quicklime before the hole is filled in with earth.

However, be careful: even if the regulations allow you to bury your cat in a private garden under certain conditions, provided that you own the land, this may be forbidden by the mayor. Before opting for this solution, it is therefore essential to get information from the town hall of your municipality. Any offender is liable to penalties.

Burying your cat in a pet cemetery

To find out where the thirty or so pet cemeteries in France are located, which are managed by private companies, you just need to contact your local town hall.

The principle consists in buying a concession for your cat, for a variable duration, between 1 year and 20 years. The cost of this concession is from 80 to 110 $/year, that is to say about 2 000 $ for 20 years. In addition, there are many other expenses, such as

• The transport of the cat's remains to the cemetery: between 50 and 110 $,
• The burial :
• Either in the ground : between 300 and 400 $,
• Or in a coffin: 160 $ for a basic model, 600 $ for a luxury model,
• Or in a vault: the price is about 1 000 $.

Finally, the master can have the burial site identified. This can consist, for example, of a simple engraved plaque, a photo of the animal, a small wooden or metal panel on which its name, age or any other indication is written. You can also opt for a tombstone. Prices vary considerably depending on the solution chosen. They are communicated on estimate.

To have your cat cremated

Cremation is the most common option in urban areas after the death of a cat, although it has a significant cost. There are two forms of cremation.

Cremation or collective cremation

This is the least expensive option and is therefore suitable for small budgets, since the average price is about 60 dollars. It is also suitable for owners who simply do not wish to keep the ashes of their cat.

The cat's remains are entrusted to the veterinarian and then cremated with those of other cats and dogs.

Individual cremation or cremation

This solution allows you to have your pet cremated on your own, unlike group cremation. If you choose individual cremation, you must contact a crematorium that offers different services or ask your veterinarian to do it. The owner has the choice to have the cat's remains removed by the service provider, knowing that there is a cost for this service, or to take the remains to the crematorium himself.

The master has the freedom :

• To attend or not to attend the cremation of his cat.
• To have the ashes taken by the company to a veterinary clinic.
• To recover the urn which contains the ashes of his animal. Many models of urns can be proposed.
• To keep the ashes.
• Scatter the ashes in a pet cemetery, in the garden, in the nature after having informed the city hall about his rights.
• To organize a ceremony in order to gather on the remains of your cat before the cremation.

Of course, the use of individual cremation has a cost. It varies according to the sophistication of the urn chosen, knowing that the prices of this object are included in a range from 25 to 200 dollars. Transportation costs are payable if the company is responsible for collecting the dead cat from the owner's home. All in all, the individual cremation of a kitty can cost, depending on the provider, between 350 and 450 $, or even more.

Fewer people opt for taxidermy because it can be difficult to bear the thought of having a stuffed animal in front of you for some time. It is important to know that this is a possibility and that it costs between 250 and 400 $.

It can be useful to get advice from the veterinarian rather than making a hasty decision that you may regret later.

The black cat : overview of beliefs and superstitions

Associated with all sorts of beliefs and superstitions since the dawn of time, the black cat was for a long time considered as the servant of Satan or as an evil being of witchcraft. Progressively, its status changes and it will be later perceived as a lucky charm in many civilizations.

Black cat: incarnation of the devil

The superstitions around the cat begin at the time of ancient Egypt. The eyes of the animal reflecting the light were the symbol of the power of the sun god, Ra. But paradoxically, even if the cat was an idol, the Egyptians considered the black cat as a black Ethiopian in the image of the Devil. A legend by Césaire de Heisterbach tells of the death of a very rich man in his castle. The story takes place in the Middle Ages. At the time of his death, the man was surrounded by several people, including a deacon, considered a good man. The latter had the ability to see invisible scenes. He saw several black cats surrounding the dying man, who asked that these animals be removed. At the same time, a black Ethiopian came to snatch the soul of the dying man with a hook. Since then, in ancient Egypt, this Ethiopian is seen as the devil who has black cats as his servant.

Throughout the Middle Ages, black cats in particular were hunted down and killed relentlessly, until the day when, with the appearance of rats around the 17th century, they became indispensable for their hunting skills.

Legends about witches and black cats

Black cats were also very often associated with witchcraft. It was said that witches had a third udder that allowed them to feed their animal. They shared with these felines the diabolic powers attributed to them. In the Middle Ages, the legend says that these evil women had the ability to transform themselves into black cats. One of the most famous stories about this is the one that took place in Vernon. In an old castle, women who turned into black cats would gather for spells. One night, some young people entered the castle and were attacked by black cats. They managed to injure several of them. Surprisingly, the next day, some of the women had wounds on their bodies that had been inflicted by the felines the day before.

Since witches could only turn into cats nine times, this is where the legend of the nine lives comes from. It is also said that when they wanted to go to the Sabbath, they rode on the backs of their animals or also used chariots pulled by them.

When the black cat becomes a lucky charm

In many traditions and civilizations, the black cat does not always represent a harmful symbol. It is even believed to have some therapeutic virtues. In the 12th century, the heart of this animal was a powerful anaesthetic against pain when it was placed on the left arm of the patient. To consume testicles of the feline with salt also made it possible to fight against the demons.

In England and especially in Scotland, meeting a black cat was a sign of happiness. Also, in Brittany, a white hair found on this animal could be used as a talisman. It was enough to pull it out and keep it on oneself.